How do single-phase and three-phase power systems primarily differ?

Single-phase and three-phase power systems differ fundamentally in the number of waveforms they generate and utilize for power delivery. In a single-phase system, power is delivered through one alternating current (AC) waveform, which oscillates through positive and negative cycles. This means that the flow of electric current consists of a single sinusoidal waveform, leading to intermittent power delivery as the waveform fluctuates.

In contrast, a three-phase power system generates three separate AC waveforms that are offset in time by one-third of the cycle. This means that at any given moment, one of the three phases is consistently delivering power, resulting in a more stable and continuous flow of energy. The three-phase system allows for more efficient generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, as it can handle larger loads and reduce losses compared to single-phase systems.

The efficiency of power delivery in three-phase systems is advantageous in industrial and commercial settings where high power loads are needed, making option B not only a distinguishing characteristic between the two systems but also an essential aspect of their application in real-world scenarios.