How does a capacitor improve circuit performance?

A capacitor improves circuit performance primarily by storing electrical energy and releasing it when needed. This behavior allows capacitors to smooth out fluctuations in voltage, providing a more stable power supply for sensitive components in the circuit. When there’s a demand for extra current, such as during transient loads (for instance, when an electric motor starts), the capacitor can discharge its stored energy to supply the necessary current quickly, thus maintaining voltage levels and enhancing overall circuit reliability.

Capacitors can also filter out noise in power supplies, stabilize voltages, and ensure that devices receive adequate electricity during brief periods of higher demand. This makes them a vital component in many electronic circuits and power systems, particularly in applications like power factor correction and energy storage for timing circuits.