How does a relay operate?

A relay operates by switching circuits electronically or electromechanically, which is essential for its function in controlling and regulating electrical systems. This device allows a low-power signal to control a larger power circuit.

When a small voltage is applied to the relay's coil, it generates a magnetic field that attracts a movable armature. This action opens or closes the contacts within the relay. The electromechanical action enables the relay to control larger currents or voltages, thereby providing isolation between the control circuit and the load circuit.

This ability to switch circuits without direct electrical connection ensures safety and allows for the integration of various components in complex systems. It is this combination of electrical control and mechanical action that makes relays versatile in applications such as automation, circuit protection, and signal switching.