What does a full-wave rectifier do to an AC waveform?

A full-wave rectifier primarily serves the function of converting an alternating current (AC) waveform into a direct current (DC) output. In AC systems, the current flows in both directions, alternating polarity with each cycle. A full-wave rectifier takes both halves of the AC waveform and converts it so that the output flows in only one direction, effectively creating a pulsating DC signal.

This conversion is achieved by using diodes, which allow current to pass through only when the AC voltage is positive, flipping the negative portion of the waveform. As a result, the output retains the frequency of the input AC waveform but becomes unidirectional, thus providing a usable form of electricity for many applications that require DC.

Understanding this function is critical for various electronics and electrical applications where DC is needed, such as in power supplies for electronic devices.