What is the main purpose of a surge protector?

The main purpose of a surge protector is to protect devices from voltage spikes. Voltage spikes, often caused by events such as lightning strikes or abrupt changes in electrical loads, can lead to significant damage to electronic equipment. Surge protectors work by redirecting the excess voltage away from connected devices, typically using components like metal oxide varistors (MOVs) or gas discharge tubes.

When the voltage exceeds a certain threshold, these components absorb or divert the excess energy, thereby preventing it from reaching sensitive electronic devices. This protective mechanism is fundamental in safeguarding machinery, computers, and home electronics from the potential harm that sudden increases in voltage can inflict, thus extending their lifespan and maintaining their functionality.

The other options do not align with the primary function of a surge protector. Increasing voltage, measuring current, or enhancing signal strength are not tasks associated with surge protection, which is exclusively focused on damage prevention from transient overvoltage events.