What is the main purpose of a transformer in electrical circuits?

The main purpose of a transformer in electrical circuits is to change voltage levels while maintaining power. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction and are specifically designed to either step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels in alternating current (AC) systems. When a transformer is used, the power input to the primary side (input) equals the power output from the secondary side (output), minus any losses due to inefficiencies. This means that as the voltage increases or decreases, the current must also adjust accordingly to ensure that the power remains constant.

This functionality is essential for efficient power distribution in electrical systems, enabling the transmission of electricity over long distances and adjusting voltage levels to safer levels for residential or commercial use. Thus, the role of a transformer is crucial for adapting electrical energy for various applications while safeguarding the integrity of the power being transmitted.