What is the main purpose of a transformer in an electrical system?

The main purpose of a transformer in an electrical system is to change voltage levels of alternating current (AC) while maintaining energy efficiency. A transformer operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, allowing it to increase (step-up) or decrease (step-down) the voltage of an AC signal.

This voltage adjustment is crucial for efficient power distribution, especially over long distances. High voltages are used for transmission to reduce energy losses associated with resistance in the conductors, and then the voltage is decreased for safe usage in residential or commercial applications.

This process ensures that energy is transferred effectively without significant losses, contributing to the overall efficiency of the electrical system. The transformer's ability to perform this function without converting the AC to DC is a key aspect of its design and operation within the electrical grid.