What is the primary function of a power factor correction capacitor?

The primary function of a power factor correction capacitor is to improve the power factor of a circuit. In electrical systems, particularly those involving inductive loads such as motors and transformers, the power factor can often be less than unity (1.0). This means that not all the power supplied is being used effectively for productive work.

When a power factor is improved, it allows for a more efficient use of the electrical power, reducing the amount of reactive power that needs to be supplied by the power source. This reduces losses in power distribution and can lead to lower electricity bills, as many utilities charge more for poor power factor usage. By introducing capacitors into the circuit, reactive power is compensated for, thereby improving the overall power factor.

This fundamental function plays a crucial role in electrical systems, helping to maintain efficiency and reduce operational costs. The other options, such as increasing total load, decreasing voltage, or reducing the need for circuit breakers, do not accurately describe the primary role of power factor correction capacitors in system performance and efficiency.