What is the role of an isolation transformer?

An isolation transformer is designed specifically to separate two electrical circuits while allowing them to interact without a direct connection. This separation is essential for several reasons, including safety, noise reduction, and preventing ground loops. In practice, isolation transformers allow for the transfer of electrical energy between the primary and secondary windings while maintaining electrical isolation, preventing potential electrical shock hazards when handling equipment connected to the secondary side.

By ensuring that one circuit does not directly connect to another, isolation transformers can protect sensitive devices from surges or disturbances in the supply circuit and improve the overall safety of electrical systems. They do this without altering the voltage levels as found on the input side, which is a key feature that distinguishes their function from devices that step voltage up or down.

The other options do not accurately reflect the primary purpose of isolation transformers. For example, while increasing voltage levels or reducing energy loss might apply to a transformer in general, they do not pertain specifically to the role of an isolation transformer. Similarly, balancing load across multiple circuits is a function associated with different types of transformers and not inherently linked to the isolation process.